Digital Signals

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Click the name of a signal to see more detailed information, possible decoding, and additional sound and waterfall samples

Color Legend
Inactive
(No longer in use)
Active
(Currently in active use)
Status
Unknown or Intermittent
Signal Name Description Frequency Mode Modulation Bandwidth Location Sample Audio Waterfall image
1G Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) The first generation of cellular mobile telecommunications, which used analogue NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation voice. 824 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 894 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FMFrequency Modulation, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide AmpsCC.png
2G CDMA (IS-95) CDMACode Division Multiple Access-One also known as IS-95, was the first ever cellular standard technology based off of CDMACode Division Multiple Access. It is now defunct due to GSM and later classes of cellular techs replacing it. It is a predecessor of the 1xRTT (CDMA2000/IS-2000) standard, which is backwards compatible. 815 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,995 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 1.228 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide 2gcdma.png
3G WCDMA WCDMA, known primarily as 3G mobile, is a family of 3G data protocols used to send voice, text and signaling data to smart phones and other wireless devices. 824 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,100 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW, AMAmplitude Modulation QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), CDMACode Division Multiple Access 4.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz 3GWCDMA.png
4G LTE Network Long Term Evolution Network. Also known as 4G LTE Data and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). Data service for wireless consumer devices. 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3,500 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation 1.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide LTE Thumb.jpg
5G "New Radio" cellular network - Downlink 5G cellular, also known by 3GPP '5G' NR (new radio), etc. is a newly released cellular standard that allows for backwards compatibility with 4G LTE, and will allow for several gigabits of connection speeds, (up to 10-100Gb) per second. This is the 600 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz downlink band for the new standard. 600 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation UFMC, GFDM, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, FBMC 100 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide 5Gdownlink.png
802.11n The most common type of Wi-Fi 2,412 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 5,865 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), 16QAM, 64QAM 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 40 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide Immy.png
8PSK 8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) is an amateur digital UTF8-text and data mode designed by John Phelps KL4YFD in 2014. It's goal is to provide medium speed data using generic FMFrequency Modulation and SSBSingle-sideband modulation radios. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables),FMFrequency Modulation 8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) 125 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide 8PSK500F.png
AFSK Paging Link A variant of POCSAG/FLEX with audio FSKFrequency-Shift Keying modulation based off of the bell 202 tones. Typically found as uplinks/downlinks to pager network transmitters. 72 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 928 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide AFSK POCSAG pic 1.PNG
AIST 2D 435.315 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PM/PCM 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide AIST2D.png
ALE-400 ALEAutomatic Link Establishment-400 is an amateur version of the 2G ALEAutomatic Link Establishment standard. It is adapted to the demands of amateur radio emergency traffic handling. 1.806 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.163 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ALE-400.jpg
AMSAT-P3D AMSAT-P3D (Known as Phase 3D, OSCAR-40, and AO-40) is a amateur radio satellite built by AMSAT. As of 2004, the satellite's systems have failed. 145.805 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 24,048.285 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide SAT 40.jpg
ARGOS A-DCS Data collection system carried onboard polar-orbiting weather satellites 465.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 54 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide KMS4-Waterfall.jpg
ARQ-E(E3) ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-E, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-1000 Duplex or ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-1000D, is a synchronous full-duplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system. ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-E3 is a variant that uses a different alphabet encoding. Mainly used by French Military Forces. Stations commonly idled for hours on end. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 850 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ARQE3192Bd.png
ARQ-M2-242 ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-M2-242 (Also known as TDM 242, TDM-2, 96-TDM, and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-28) is a two-channel time division multiplexed telex system. This is the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 242 standard version. Used in Aeronautical, Marine, and Point-to-Point services. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ARQ-M2-242.jpg
ARQ-M2-342 ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-M2-342 (Also known as TDM 342, TDM-2, 96-TDM, and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-28) is a two-channel time division multiplexed telex system. This is the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 342 standard version. Used in Aeronautical, Maritime, and Point-to-Point services. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ARQ-M2-342.jpg
ARQ-M4-242 ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-M4-242 (Also known as TDM 242, TDM-4, 192-TDM, and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-56) is a four-channel time division multiplexed telex system. This is the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 242 standard version. Used in Aeronautical, Maritime, and Point-to-Point services. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 250 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ARQ-M4-242.jpg
ARQ-M4-342 ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-M4-342 (Also known as TDM 342, TDM-4, 192-TDM, and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-56) is a four-channel time division multiplexed telex system. This is the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 342 standard version. Used in Aeronautical, Maritime, and Point-to-Point services. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ARQ-M4-342.jpg
ARQ-N ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-N is a synchronous dual channel ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query mode identical to ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-E, with the only difference being that ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-N has no symbol inversions. Formerly used by Italian Diplomatic services. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 850 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ARQ-N.jpg
ARQ6-90 ARQ6-90, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-6-90 and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-6/90, is a 6-character block simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system formerly used by French and Italian diplomatic services exchange of teletype-data. It is no longer used or seen today. 10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 700 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ARQ 6-90.jpg
ARQ6-98 ARQ6-98, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-6-98 and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-6/98, is a 6-character block simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system formerly used by French and Italian diplomatic services for the exchange of teletype-data. It is no longer used or seen today. 10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ARQ 6-98.jpg
ASCII ASCII (also known as ITA5 or IRA) is an amateur radio telegraphy signal using the ITA-5 alphabet. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ASCII.jpg
ATSC 3.0 Broadcast Advanced Television Systems Committee standard, version 3.0 RAW OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz United States; South Korea ATSC3.png
ATSC Broadcast Advanced Television Systems Committee Television. 8VSB Modulation 54 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW 8VSB MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz United States ATSCthmb.jpg
AUTOSPEC AUTOSPEC is a synchronous FECForward Error Correction teletype system used by British coastal stations to communicate with North Sea oil rigs. Also known as Autospec-bauer, Bauer, and Autospec Mk1. This signal is most likely phased out. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide AUTOSPEC.png
Accurate positioning by Low Frequencies (ALF) Accurate positioning by Low Frequencies, a former German DGPS navigation system. No longer in use as of 2013. 123.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Germany ALF-RDS.jpg
Adam H Image Capable Digital Mode (AHICDM) AHICDM is a simple, slow and reliable modulation protocol that allows binary data in standard ASCII to be sent over audio. Digital Custom United Kingdom AHICDM.png
Adam H Secure Communication (AHSC) AHSC uses a randomly generated One-Time-Pad to secure communications between transmitter and receiver. Used for unscheduled transferring of data due to the architecture of the protocol / mode which makes decoding the message impossible if the transmission was not listened to from the beginning. USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) United Kingdom AHSC.png
Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) Short messages sent to and from aircraft 129 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.) kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ACARS.jpg
Alps Electric Co. TWB1U840 Key Fob Alps Electric Co. TWB1U840 Key Fob for Nissan Sentra, Nissan Versa, and Nissan Leaf model years 2013-2017+. 314.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz WFMWideband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Nissan 2012.jpg
Amplitude Modulation Signalling System (AMSS) Amplitude Modulation Signalling System (AMSS) is a DRM-based radiotext and data technology for AMAmplitude Modulation broadcasting, like RDS that is used for FMFrequency Modulation. It transmits as a subcarrier, phase-modulating the carrier frequency. 100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz SSBSingle-sideband modulation AMAmplitude Modulation, PSKPhase-Shift Keying 200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). AMSS.jpg
Aprizesat Data downlink from Aprizesat microsatellites. Aprizesat constellation consists of 12 Active satellites, These provide a worldwide M2M asset tracking service and relay AIS packets. 400.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 400.65 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide AprizesatWF.png
Autocab This is an example of the Autocab Media Data Terminals used by cab companies all over the world. 163.375 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United Kingdom Autocab.jpg
Automated Train Control System (ATCS) Automated Train Control System (ATCS), specifically ATCS Spec. 200, is a standardized communication system for railroads designed to ensure safety by monitoring locations of trains and locomotives, providing analysis and reporting, and automation of track warrants and similar orders. 896.888 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 936.988 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States ATCS2.png
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) ADS-B is used by aircraft to broadcast tracking information and identification. 978 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,090 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW PPMPulse Position Modulation MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide ADS-BTHMB.jpg
Automatic Identification System (AIS) Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used by ships to broadcast position and vessel information. 161.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 162.025 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide AIS.jpg
Automatic Link Establishment (2G ALE) Automatic Link Establishment, 2G ALEAutomatic Link Establishment (Official designation MIL-STD-188-141A and/or MIL-STD-188-141B (Appendix A)) is the current standardized method of establishing connections between radio operators. Also known as FED-STD 1045, FED-STD 1049, and STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5066. 3.068 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28.313 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ALE2G.jpg
Automatic Link Establishment (3G ALE ARCS) 3G ALEAutomatic Link Establishment (ARCSAutomatic Radio Control System) is the next generation of ALEAutomatic Link Establishment (Designated by MIL-STD-188-141B (Appendix C)). Also known as STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4538, although MIL 188-141 does not provide Fast LSU. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide 3Gale.jpg
Automatic Link Set-up (ALIS) Automatic Link Set-up (ALIS) is an automatic link system used by Rohde & Schwarz modems. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 270 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide ALIS.jpg
Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) Packet system for real time data communications. Used by hams for location reporting, weather stations etc. 144.39 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 432.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide APRS.jpg
Automatic Transmitter Identification System (ATIS) ATIS systems are identification tags used by inland commercial waterway traffic on rivers in Europe. The FSKFrequency-Shift Keying burst is appended at the end of every voice transmission by the vessel operator. 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 12 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe ATIS voice samp.jpg
BALDR Weather Sensor Telemetry BalDR weather sensor SCADA telemetry, A signal standard that belongs to the BalDR brand of weather sensors, and might also belong to other brands of weather sensors that use their technologies. Uses a set of randomly-generated delimiters which vary the overall pitch of the signal by slight hz rates and modulation properties, to send its data and keep the display updated. 434.675 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation FMFrequency Modulation-P 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide OOK SDR Sharp.PNG
BR-6028 BR-6028 is a VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy (Voice Frequency Telegraph) frequency and time diversity modem using 7 data channels. It is sometimes also known as BARRIE, USA-7, or 6028. 5.75 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 15.937 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide BR-6028 RTTY.jpg
Binary Interchange of Information and Signaling (BIIS) BIIS (also known as BIIS 1200) is an ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. protocol for a digital selective calling method with the added benefit of extended capability of transmitting data that exceeds what could be done with old 5-tone analog calling methods like CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) and ZVEI. 35 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe BIISthmb.jpg
BlueWalker-3 Wideband Telemetry Wideband telemetry signal from BlueWalker-3 experimental satellite. 2,245 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide BW3WB.png
Bluetooth Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. 2,400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,485 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying, DPSKDifferential Phase-Shift Keying MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide Blut.png
Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) Proprietary satellite network owned and operated by Inmarsat that provides cellular 3G equivalent data and voice services to subscribers. 1,525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,559 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz WFMWideband Frequency Modulation QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Bgan.png
CAS-4A/B Satellite Telemetry CAS-4A/B Satellite 4.8 kbpsKilobits per second (kbps) GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying Telemetry Downlink. 145.835 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 145.89 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide CAS4B2.png
CCIR 493-4 Selcall CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 493-4 Selcall, also known as HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Selcall, Australian Selcall, and Codan 8580 Selcall, is a Selcall standard developed in Australia for the HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) band. Used by Amateur radio and Codan Modems. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Ccir 493.jpg
CCITT CCITT is a 5-tone selcall system for VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz)/UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) radios. 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Ccitt 5-tones.jpg
CDMA2000 (3G physical layer) CDMACode Division Multiple Access is another standard for Cellular Devices with GSM being the first encrypted standard. 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 1.23 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz United States CDMA2.png
CDMA420 410 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 425 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 2.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Poland CDMA420LTE420.png
CHIP CHIP, or CHIP64, is a spread-spectrum PSKPhase-Shift Keying mode developed by Antonino Porcino IZ8BLY. 7.09 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.11 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 580 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide CHIP.jpg
CHU CHU is a time signal radio station operated by the Institute for National Measurement Standards of the National Research Council of Canada. 3.33 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.67 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation 2.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Canada CHU.jpg
CIS 3x100 VFT Three CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-14 signals overlaid on top of each other in a 3100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy bandwidth, operating at 100 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS3x100bd.jpg
CIS 3x144 VFT Three 144 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. FSKFrequency-Shift Keying signals in a 3100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy bandwidth. Reportedly phased out. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS3x144bdtfc.jpg
CIS 3xBaudot-50 VFT Three 50 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. Baudot signals in a 3100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy bandwidth. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia 284px-CIS3xbaudot50bd.jpg
CIS MFSK-16 XPA2 Enigma Designation XPA2, also known as MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-16, CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-14, and CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-16, is a 14-tone MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying signal said to have origin from Russian Intelligence and Foreign Ministry stations. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 250 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia XPA2.png
CIS MFSK-16 XPB A digital mode used by Russian intelligence 4.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 2.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia XPB4 b.png
CIS MFSK-20 XPA Enigma Designation XPA, also known as MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-20, CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-17, and CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-20, is a 17-tone MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying signal said to have origin from Russian Intelligence and Foreign Ministry stations. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 800 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia XPA10.png
CIS MFSK-68 New Russian MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying Modem that uses 68 MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying (5 tones at a time) as well as a 9000 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. 8-PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) insert every second which spans 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz wide. This signal is often found attributed with CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-3000, where CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-3000 acts as the ALEAutomatic Link Establishment for this signal as well as CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-128. 7.659 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 18.28 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying, PSKPhase-Shift Keying 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS MFSK-68.jpg
CIS OFDM HDR Modem Russian OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing HDR (High Data Rate) Modem. Has three main modes: CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-45, CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-60, and CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-93, corresponding to the number of OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing tones in the signal. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS-45 33bd.jpg
CIS-11 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-11 (Also known as TORG-11) is a radio duplex teleprinter system used by Russian meteorological stations MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 650 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia CIS-11.jpg
CIS-112 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-112 OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing signal. Has a preamble of 7 Tones (not including carrier), then 56 tones before entering into the 112 tone data transmission. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS-112 pramb.jpg
CIS-12 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-12 (Also known as MS5, FIRE, AT-3004D, or AT-3104D) is a 12-tone PSKPhase-Shift Keying Russian military multi-channel modem. 7.026 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS-12.jpg
CIS-128 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-128 is an OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing mode that uses 128 channels, with one “off” channel in the center, so the signal is divided into two 64 channel parts. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 6.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS-128.jpg
CIS-1280 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-1280 is a OQPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase Shift-Keying) modulation data modem signal. Also known as Soviet Mil(MOD)/FAPSIFederal Agency of Government Communications and Information (Russian Agency)/PTTPush To TalkPress to TransmitMinistries of Postal, Telephone, and Telegraph Service (Soviet Agency) system. These stations are recognizable in that they are all placed on .081 offsets from a kilohertz or half kilohertz point. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 13.369 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 1.28 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS-1280.jpg
CIS-14 Also known as AMOR and AMOR96. Synchronous FSKFrequency-Shift Keying duplex teleprinter system with ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 650 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia CIS-14TFC.jpg
CIS-16 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-16 is a BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 16-tone mode, possibly transmitted from a modified AT-3004D or AT-3104 type Russian military transceiver. Also known as CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic 16x75 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. for the 75 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. speed in each of the 16 sub channels. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS-16Tfcc.jpg
CIS-20 Russian AT-3104 Modem signal, 20-tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying signal MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS-20.jpg
CIS-300 Known as CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-300 Burst, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode used with 300 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. rate with a starting and ending tone on the upper part of the signal. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 370 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia CIS-300.jpg
CIS-3000 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-3000 is an 8-PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) Data Modem protocol. Its source is traced to Russia. 3000 is for its 3000 BaudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. speed (maximum speed is technically 9000 bpsBits per second (bps)). MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 3.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS-3000.jpg
CIS-36-50 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-36-50, also known as BEE-36 and T-600, is an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying modem used by the Russian Navy. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 550 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia CIS-36-50.jpg
CIS-40.5 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-40.5 (Also known as T-206) is an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying signal used in Russian Military Communications Equipment. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia CIS-40.5.jpg
CIS-48 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-48 is an interesting data mode with a unique format. It uses a 4 DBPSK Preamble with a constant tone and changing OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing modes as it transmits data. Origin is suspected to be in Russia. 5.017 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 17.289 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Russia CIS-48.jpg
CIS-50-50 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-50-50 is very similar to CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-36-50. The main difference is in the available baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. rates and frequency shifts used. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 630 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia CIS-50-50.jpg
CIS-8181 CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-8181 is an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying modem used by the Russian navy. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia CIS-8181.jpg
CLOUDSAT Downlink Dump to European ground station from the CLOUDSAT cloud profiling satellite. 2,217.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Europe Cloudsat dump.png
CLOVER 2000 CLOVER 2000 is an upgrade to CLOVER-II, a digital data protocol developed by Ray Petit and HAL Communications. Sometimes referred to as XCLOVER or 8 Tone CLOVER. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide CLOVER-2000new.jpg
CLOVER 2500 CLOVER 2500 is a new upgrade to CLOVER-2000, adding 25% more speed to the CLOVER system. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide CLOVER-2500.jpg
CLOVER-I CLOVER-I was the first iteration of the Clover series of digital modes. Was never released for commercial use, replaced by CLOVER-II. Also known as Cloverleaf. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation 100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide CLOVER-I sim.jpg
CLOVER-II CLOVER-II is the advancement of CLOVER-I, with 4 tone pulses and a max data rate of 750 bpsBits per second (bps). Also known as Q-CLOVER and QUAD-CLOVER. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide CLOVER-II.jpg
COFDMTV COFDMTV is a simple easy to use picture transmission mode that utilizes COFDMCoded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (Coded orthogonal frequency-division) SSBSingle-sideband modulation,FMFrequency Modulation,AMAmplitude Modulation COFDMCoded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, 8-PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol), QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 3.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz COFDMTV2.png
CORIOLIS Tactical Direct Broadcast Direct Broadcast digital signal from the CORIOLIS satellite, primarily carries data from the WindSat instrument. 2,221.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide CORIOLIS DB.png
CRY2001 Voice Scrambler CRY2001 is a voice scrambling mode used on Sailor CRY2001 Scramblers. Fisherman often use these modes to communicate with privacy. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 300 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide CRY2001 Full.jpg
CV-786 CV-786 is a wideband FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode built in Rockwell-Collins MDM-2001 modems. Also known as TRC-75, as it was used in TRC-75 transceivers. A military-based Radio TeleTYpe mode. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 900 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide CV-786.jpg
California Smart-Meter This is a signal from a Californian Electricity 'Smart Meter'. Each house is now fitted with one of these, and they are strong - typically 50 dBThe decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity, here the strength of a received signal. above the atmospheric noise level. 902 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 928 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz 15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States Open-Way-Centron Smart-Meter Waterfallthmb.png
China digital radio (CDR) Convergent Digital Radio (CDR) or China Digital Radio is an in-band-on-channel (IBOCIn-Band On-Channel (IBOC) is a hybrid method of transmitting digital radio and analog radio broadcast signals simultaneously on the same frequency.) digital radio broadcasting format used in China. It can be found in multiple bandwidth configurations with different modulation formats. 106.1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 500 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz China CroppedCDR.png
Chinese 4+4 Chinese 4+4, also known as 4+4 or PRC 4+4, is a multi-carrier transmission mode. It used by Chinese Diplomatic services with most traffic originating from Beijing, China. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz China CHN 4+4.jpg
Codan Data Modem Codan Data Modulation for Codan Data Modems. Has 3 distinct signals: Data, ALEAutomatic Link Establishment, and SELCAL. This modulation is used in Codan's 9001, 9002, 3012 and 3212 modems. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.56 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Codan Modem.jpg
Coherent BPSK Coherent BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), also known as C-BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), was an experimental amateur mode developed by Bill DeCarle VE2IQ. 138 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 18.081 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Coherent PSK.jpg
Coherent CW Coherent CWContinuous Wave (also known as CCW) was a strictly timed morse code mode designed by Ray Petit W7GHM (The same inventor of CLOVER). CCW depended on accurate timing from both receiver and transmitter. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Coherent CW.jpg
CompuLert Low speed FSKFrequency-Shift Keying telemetry to monitor and control warning sirens that are used to warn the public of threats such as tsunamis, severe weather, chemical spills and civil emergencies. 453.375 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Compulert.jpg
Contestia Contestia, developed by Nick Fedoseev (UT2UZ) in 2005, is a digital mode derived from Olivia. It aims to deliver a compromise of speed and performance. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Contestiathmb.png
Coquelet Coquelet is an MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying system, similar to Piccolo. Also known as COQ-8, COQ-12, and COQUELET 8 V 2. Uses ITA-2 charset. It's two main modes are Coquelet-8 and Coquelet-13. No longer in use. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Coq 8 intro.png
D-STAR D-STAR is a digital voice protocol used by ham radio. Is sometimes routed over the internet for international communications. 145.67 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying 6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide DSTAR.jpg
DB0UPB research beacon The is a research beacon for training neuronal networks. 3.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.101 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz LSBLower Side Band Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying, LSBLower Side Band Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) 2.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Germany DB0UPB.png
DCF77 DCF77 is a German longwave time signal radio station based at 77.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz. DCF uses an AMAmplitude Modulation modulated carrier and phase modulation sidebands to transmit its time signal. 77.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) AMAmplitude Modulation, PSKPhase-Shift Keying 1.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Germany DCF77.jpg
DUP-ARQ DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as ARTRAC and 125-ARTRAC, is a semi-duplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system once used by Thai and Hungarian Diplomatic services. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 325 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide DUP ARQ.jpg
DUP-ARQ-2 DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-2 (also known as ARTRAC II) is a further development of the DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system and the system characteristics are very similar. DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-2 allows transmission of ITA-2 (Baudot) or ITA-5 (ASCII) characters depending on the application. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 1.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide DUP ARQ-2.jpg
DUP-FEC-2 DUP-FECForward Error Correction-2 is a further development of the DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system and the system characteristics are very similar. Uses FECForward Error Correction instead of ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query and runs at either 125 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. or 250 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 1.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide DUP FEC-2.jpg
Datawell Buoy HF Link Datawell Buoy HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Links transmitted by Datawell Marine measurement buoys, measuring ocean conditions, temperature, and wave current. 25.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 45 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Datawell 2FSK.jpg
Delfi-C3 Telemetry Delfi-C3 Telemetry was a telemetry signal sent from the Delfi-C3 university-class satellite. 145.87 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz LSBLower Side Band Modulation BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Delfi-C3.jpg
Denso 4EA Key Fob Denso Wireless Key Fob 4EA built by Denso Corporation for General Motors auto brands Chevrolet and Buick. Used on Chevrolet Camaro and Malibu from 2016+. Used on Buick Lacrosse 2017+. 433.92 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation AMAmplitude Modulation, ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying 15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide HYQ4EA KeyFob.jpg
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Differential GPS (DGPS), also known as M823 DGPS and SC-104 DGPS, is a supplementary correction signal used by GPS receivers to increase the accuracy of GPS based positioning. 283.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.95 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.) 150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 250 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide DGPS 200Bd.png
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) DAB is an audio broadcasting standard containing a multiplex of digital radio stations in the signal. 174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 239 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 1.535 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide Dab+.JPG
Digital Audio Broadcasting Plus (DAB+) DAB+ is a medium of delivering broadcast radio, containing multiple stations in a single multiplex. 174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 230 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 1.536 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide Dab+.JPG
Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) is an open digital mobile radio standard defined by ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. and used in commercial products around the world. Mostly used by private network and local police, can be encrypted. Used in MOTOTRBO products. 66 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 860 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide DMR.jpg
Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) is a digital radio transmission technology developed in South Korea as part of the national IT project for sending multimedia such as TV, radio and datacasting to mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops and GPS navigation systems. 174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 216 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 1.536 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz South Korea DMB-TDMB-Waterfall-01.jpg
Digital NBTV Method for transmitting digital images via radio, similar to WinDRM or KG-STV MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz SSBSingle-sideband modulation, FMFrequency Modulation BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide D-NBTV.png
Digital Private Mobile Radio (dPMR) dPMR is an open, non-proprietary trunked radio standard developed by ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards., published under ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. TS 102 658. Supports both data and digital voice transmission. 149.019 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 446.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying 6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide DPMR.jpg
Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) is a digital commercial broadcasting mode used to deliver FMFrequency Modulation-comparable sound quality to shortwave radio. 531 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 26.06 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 4.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide DRMimage.png
Digital Radio Mondiale Plus (DRM+) DRM+ is a VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) implementation of DRM primarily for the FMFrequency Modulation broadcast band. 47 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 230 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide NoWaterfallFiller.png
Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial (DVB-T) Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial (DVB-T) is a digital broadcast television format used in Europe and in many other countries in the world. 174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 786 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide DVB-T image.jpg
Digital-Coded Squelch (DCS) Digital in-band signalling used to squelch and manage transmissions on a given frequency. 433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 446 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying Worldwide DCS.JPG
Distress Radiobeacon (Digital) Digital Distress Radiobeacons (EPIRB's, PLB's and ELT's) are emergency radio beacons used for search and rescue operations to locate a vessel, plane, or person in distress. 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 1.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Epirb.jpg
DominoEX DominoEX, also known as just Domino, is an IFKIncremental Frequency Keying (Incremental Frequency Keying) mode developed by Murray Greenman ZL1BPU and Con Wassilieff ZL2AFP in 2004 that was the first fully developed iteration of the Domino IFKIncremental Frequency Keying family modes. Used to send text over RFRadio Frequency. 5.332 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28.117 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) IFKIncremental Frequency Keying 173 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 524 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide DominoEX.png
DominoF DominoF was the first experimental implementation of the Domino family of IFKIncremental Frequency Keying modes, developed by Con ZL2AFP. DominoF used dual interleaved tone sets. Superseded by DominoEX. 1.838 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28.08 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) IFKIncremental Frequency Keying 220 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide DominoF.png
EIA EIA is a 5/6-tone selcall mode defined by the Electronics Industries Association in the United States. Also known as Motorola MetroPage. 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide EIA 5-tone.jpg
ELEKTRO-L GGAK-E Direct Broadcast Broadcasts the data from the GGAK-E cosmic ray detector onboard ELEKTRO-L geostationary weather satellites 1,693 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz DSBDual Side Band Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Asia, Europe ELEKTRO-L N2 BCN.png
Emergency Alert System (EAS) The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is a national warning system in the United States, implemented since 1997, superceding the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS). 162.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 162.55 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States EAS NFM.jpg
Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) - Repeater The Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) is a system for distributing a live stream of weather information in the United States. This is the VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) Repeater of the network. 163.3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 168.813 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying 20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States EMWIN.png
End of Train Device (EOTD) Transmits train telemetry such as brake status and accidental seperation information to the head locomotive. 452 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 457.938 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide EOTthmb.jpg
Enhanced Digital Access Communications System (EDACS) EDACS is a trunked radio system developed by General Electric and Ericsson. EDACS was invented by General Electric in the mid-80s and is currently owned by Harris Corporation. Harris has announced that EDACS systems will no longer be supported by 2017. 160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide EDACS 96k.jpg
European Radio Message System (ERMES) European Radio Message System (ERMES) is a European common standard for paging developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ESTI) 169.413 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 169.833 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe ERMES waterfall.jpg
FEC-A FECForward Error Correction-A, also known as FECForward Error Correction-100 or FECForward Error Correction-100A, is a synchronous simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system that uses the ITA 2 alphabet. This mode was once used by many embassies, diplomatic services, and news agencies worldwide. This mode was developed by Siemens. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide FEC-A 96 Bd 400 Hz.jpg
FLASH-OFDM Mobile data access technology developed by Flarion. 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz WFMWideband Frequency Modulation MC-CDMACode Division Multiple Access MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Finland, Slovakia, Germany, USA FLASH-OFDM.png
FLEX FLEX (Flexible Wide Area Paging Protocol) is Motorola's high speed one-way paging protocol that supports 1600, 3200, and 6400 bpsBits per second (bps). FLEX can transmit tone, numeric, alphanumeric, and binary data. 152.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 931.938 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide FLEX.jpg
FSK441 FSK441 is a high speed meteor scatter communication mode. FSK441 uses a baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. rate of 441 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. 144 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 444 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 1.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide FSK441.jpg
FSQ Fast Simple QSO (FSQ) is an amateur radio digital modulation mode developed by Con Wassilieff ZL2AFP with Murray Greenman ZL1BPU in 2015. 3.58 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10.149 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) IFK+Offset Incremental Frequency Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide FSQ.png
FST4W 136 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.839 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) 4-GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying Worldwide NoWaterfallFiller.png
FT4 FT4 is an amateur radio QSO communication protocol. 10.14 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 144.17 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 83 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Ft42.png
FT8 FT8 is an extremely-weak-signal amateur radio mode that transmits very limited communications. JS8, a variant of FT8, can send full conversations and relay messages 1.84 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 50 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide FT8.png
FUNcube-1 Telemetry FUNcube-1 Telemetry is a telemetry signal sent from the Funcube-1 Cubesat amateur radio satellite. 145.935 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide FUNcube.jpg
Factory installed alarm system Land Rover Discovery 4 FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2 transmission mode, frequency range 40246 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz)., manipulation speed 15571.26 baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., Information is transmitted by the code "Manchester", respectively, the data transfer rate is twice lower (7785.63 baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.). 433.93 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSK2 950 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide NoWaterfallFiller.png
Federal Signal Modem-MSK Signalling protocol developed for Federal Signal's line of civil defense warning siren systems. This signal is used for activation and telemetry of all units in a network. 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.) kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz North America Fs msk.png
FreeDV COHPSK FreeDV Coherent PSKPhase-Shift Keying (Also known as FreeDV 700) is a robust Digital Voice mode developed by David Rowe for his FreeDV Digital Voice Software. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 1.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide 700 tfc DV.png
Frequency Division Multiplex Digital Voice (FDMDV) Frequency Division Multiplex Digital Voice (FDMDV), also known as FDMDV 14+1-tone, is a digital voice mode originally developed by Peter Martinez G3PLX and Francesca Lanza HB9TLK. It has since been improved upon by David Rowe. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 1.125 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide 1600 tfc DV.png
G-TOR Golay-Teleprinting Over Radio (G-TOR) is an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying proprietary standard developed by Kantronics Inc. and is used by radio amateurs, military (Irish Air Corps/Navy, Mexican army) and governmental agencies (ICRC). MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide G-TOR300.jpg
GM2100 (R&S) Advanced HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) waveform for data transmission. R&S proprietary. PSK8, 2400 sps. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe GM2100 R26S.png
GMDSS Digital Selective Calling Global Maritime Distress and Safety System's Digital Selective Calling (GMDSS-DSC) is a maritime communication protocol intended to initiate ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship radiotelephone and MFMedium Frequency (300-3000 kHz)/HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) radiotelex calls. 2.177 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 156.525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide DSC GMDSS.jpg
GOES Data Collection System (DCS) Comes from the geostationary satellites GOES 16 and GOES 17. Relays information about water levels, lightning strikes, and other information. 1,679.9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,680.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) 8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide GoesDCS300bd.jpeg
GOES High Rate Information Transmission (HRIT) GOES HRIT is a retransmission of satellite imagery and other information from the GOES-R series of satellites. 1,694.1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 1.205 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide HRITnew.png
GOES Rebroadcast (GRB) GOES Rebroadcast (GRB) is a form of data sent from the GOES-R series of satellites that contain information from all of the instruments on board the GOES satellites 1,681.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,686.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz DVB-S2, RAW QPSK16, 8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) 10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide NoWaterfallFiller.png
Gandalf MDT Gandalf MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office. was developed by Gandalf Mobile Systems, a subsidiary of Canadian company Gandalf Technologies. Used primarily by taxi and courier services in Canada and the United States. This protocol was used in Gandalf's Cabmate systems. 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Gandalf.png
Glenayre Paging Link Glenayre's Paging Link. With QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation being used, It is a way to upkeep a linked paging transmitter when no data is broadcast. Glenayre C2100/C2000 model control systems were likely to use this. 152 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 512 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation United States Glenayre paging link spectra.PNG
Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS is the USA's global navigation satellite system which provides precision position, navigation, and timing services to devices around the globe. 1,176.45 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,575.42 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, DSSS, BOC, TMBOC 22 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide GPS.png
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) GSM is a 2G digital cellular network standard developed by ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards.. As of 2014 it has become the default global standard for mobile communications. 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW, AMAmplitude Modulation, FMFrequency Modulation GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying 200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Gsm.JPG
Globe Wireless HF Network Globe Wireless' Maritime Digital Radio was a system of 24 stations around the globe offering data services to large cargo vessels. Since 2014, GW has discontinued their HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) network. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide GW.jpg
Golay Paging (GSC) Golay Paging (or Golay Sequential Code, GSC) is a one-way 2-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying paging format developed by Motorola. It is capable of transmitting tone, numeric, alphanumeric, and voice pages. 33 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 932 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Golay.jpg
Graw DFM-06 Weather Balloon (Radiosonde) The DFM-06 is a standard radiosonde for most applications. It is perfectly suited for synoptic observations or military applications. 400.01 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 405.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe Graw.jpg
Graw DFM-17 (Radiosonde) Radiosonde developed by Graw/Noris Group GmbH for upper air weather observation 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 405.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Dfmwaterfall.png
HC-265 Voice Scrambler HC-265 is a Voice Scrambling mode developed by Hagelin Crypto for their HC-265 CRYPTOCOM secure voice unit. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide HC 265.jpg
HC-ARQ Haegelin Crypto ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query (HC-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query) was an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying synchronous simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system used by the UN and International Rescue Committee. This mode has been phased out and is no longer in use. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide HC-ARQ.jpg
HD Radio (AM) HD Radio is a proprietary digital broadcast radio format transmitted in North America, usually as sidebands on analog carriers. This is the AMAmplitude Modulation band implementation of HD Radio. 535 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States Hd radio am.jpg
HD Radio (FM) HD Radio is a proprietary digital broadcast radio format transmitted in North America, usually as sidebands on analog carriers. This is the FMFrequency Modulation band implementation of HD Radio. 87.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 107.9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 400 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States HD Radio fm broadcast.jpg
HNG-FEC HNG-FECForward Error Correction was a full duplex system developed and used solely by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Hungary. Used 100.05 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. with 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). shift FSKFrequency-Shift Keying. This mode is no longer used today. 2.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 24 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Hungary HNG FEC.jpg
HORYU-4 Telemetry 437.375 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) Worldwide HORYU-4 Telemetry Waterfall2.png
Hellschreiber Hellschreiber (Also known as Feld Hell or just Hell) is a teleprinter system developed in the late 1920's by Rudolf Hell, a German inventor. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.) 350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 800 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Feld Hellthmb.jpg
High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) HFDL, also known as HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz)-ACARS, ARINC 753, ARINC 635, and HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) DATALINK,is a data link that aircraft use to communicate short messages over long distances using HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) signals. 2.9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 22 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide HFDL.jpg
High Frequency Data and Voice Link (HFDVL) HFDVL (or HFD+VL) is an experimental mode developed by research groups from The University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and The Polytechnic University of Madrid. This mode is intended for military use in accordance with STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5066 parameters. 14.35 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.829 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Spain HFDVL.jpg
Hyundai Mobis RKE-4F16 Key Fob Hyundai Mobis RKE-4F16 Wireless Key Fob for Hyundai Sonata models 2014-Present. 433.92 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz WFMWideband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 110 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Hyundai Key Fob.jpg
ICARUS (International Cooperation for Animal Research Using Space) ICARUS aims its services primarily at scientific groups that perform basic and application-oriented research with migrating animals. 468.1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 32 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ICARUS.jpg
IRA-ARQ IRA-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as BULG-ASCII and ASCII-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, is a high data rate ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query FSKFrequency-Shift Keying system used by Bulgarian, Slovakian, and Czech diplomatic stations. The maximum speed of this mode has been seen to reach 1200 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. Not seen much much nowadays MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 650 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.35 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide IRA-ARQ 300bd 500hz.jpg
IS-54 D-AMPS D-AMPS, also known as IS-54 and IS-136, is a second generation (2G) mobile phone system standard which develops on analog AMPS, a 1G standard. This system is also colloquially known as TDMATime Division Multiple Access. 824 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 894 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz PSKPhase-Shift Keying 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz NoWaterfallFiller.png
ISCAT Ionospheric Scattering (ISCAT) mode used for weak signal long distance radio contact by meteor and Ionosphere scattering. 50 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 148 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 904 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.809 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ISCAT-A Sim.jpg
ISM Band Weather sensor Data returned from a consumer weather sensor using the AlectoV1 protocol. 433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation 4.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Alecto wxthmb.png
ISM Band device An ISM band device such as a power meter or a wireless doorbell. 315 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 920 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation, NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying, OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ISMBandPowerMeter Waterfallthmb.jpg
Improved Automatic Link Set-up (ALIS-2) ALIS-2, also known as RS-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, RS ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query 240, and MERLIN, is an improvement of the original ALIS system. ALIS-2 is used in the Rohde & Schwarz MERLIN modem. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ALIS 2.jpg
Inmarsat IsatM2M IsatM2M Service operated by Inmarsat on existing Inmarsat-D/D+ infrastructure. 1,525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,559 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 1.024 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Inmarsat-D.jpg
Inmarsat-D(D+) Downlink Inmarsat D+ (and it's predecessor, Inmarsat D) was Inmarsat's satellite paging system. The main use of the technology was in tracking trucks and buoys and SCADA applications. 1,525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,559 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 640 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Inmarsat D.jpg
Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) iDEN is a TDMATime Division Multiple Access-based digital wireless standard developed by Motorola. It is a type of trunked radio with cellular phone benefits. 806 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 869 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, TDMATime Division Multiple Access 18.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide IDEN image.jpg
Iranian Navy QPSK Modem Iranian Navy QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) Modem is a QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) mode used by the Iranian Navy. It has gone through several versions. The current version (2015) is V2 and supports speeds of 468 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 936 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., and 1872 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. 8.046 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 17.382 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.85 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Iran Iranian Navy QPSK 468.jpg
IsatData Pro Inmarsat's M2M data service for SCADA asset tracking and reporting. 1,525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,559 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide NoWaterfallFiller.png
Israeli Intelligence VFT Israeli Intelligence based FSKFrequency-Shift Keying VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Israel Israeli Intel VFT.jpg
Israeli Navy Hybrid Modem (188-110 MOD) The Israeli Naval Hybrid Modem is based on the MIL-STD-188-110 Serial Standard. Has characteristic preamble with 4/6 Tone and 18 QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) parallel mode before 110 Serial transmission. Possible use as a broadcast transmitter for ships. Used by the Israeli Navy 4XZ station from Haifa. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Israel Mil Mod Israeli.jpg
Israeli VFT Israeli based VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy transmission, most likely used by Israeli government or military. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, PSKPhase-Shift Keying 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Israel Preamble.jpg
JS8 JS8Call is an extremely-weak-signal amateur radio communication mode based on FT8. It allows FT8 to be used for conversations and message relaying. 1.842 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50.318 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 50 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide JS8.png
JT65 JT65 is an amateur radio QSO communication protocol developed by Joe Taylor, K1JT. JT65 has 3 submodes: JT65A, JT65B, and JT65C. The most popular submode of JT65 is JT65A. JT65 gets '65' from the 65 tones it uses. 1.838 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50.276 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 180 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 710 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide JT65AWaterfall.png
JT6M JT6M is part of the WSJT suite of digital weak signal software applications developed by Joe Taylor, K1JT 50.215 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50.25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide JT6M sim.jpg
JT9 JT9 is a very narrow 9-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode for making contact (QSO's) under extreme weak-signal conditions. 3.578 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28.079 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 20 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide JT9.png
JTMS JTMS is a meteor scatter mode that uses MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.). JTMS behaves similarily to FSK441. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.) 1.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide JTMS sim.jpg
Japan Military 8-Channel FSK Data signal thought to originate from Japanese Military/Navy 4.295 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 16.554 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Japan Japan 8 2-fsk.jpg
Japanese Slot Machine (XSL) The Japanese Slot Machine (Enigma Designation XSL) is a simplex system used by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force in Ichihara, Japan. 4.153 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 8.703 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Japan XSL idle.jpg
KG-STV KG-STV is an image transmission mode developed by JJ0OBZ in Japan. 3.733 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10,489.625 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying, MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.) 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide KG-STV 4LFSK norm.jpg
Kiwi Kiwi is a telemetry mode developed by CNES used on amateur rockets and radio balloons in France. 137.95 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 138.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz France Kiwi thumb.jpg
LEOSAR Downlink Cospas-Sarsat downlink from polar orbiting weather satellites 1,544.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 350 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide LEOTIT.png
LTE Uplink Acquired via telecommunications carrier hardware during interference investigation of an Australian cellular network. 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,600 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz SC-FDMAFrequency Division Multiple Access QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide LTEopt.png
LTE-M 412.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,690 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation OFDMA, 16-QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation 1.08 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide LTE-M.png
Lentus Lentus is an extremely slow QRPIn amateur radio, QRP operation refers to transmitting at reduced power while attempting to maximize one's effective range. mode developed by Patrick Lindecker F6CTE used to transmit QRPIn amateur radio, QRP operation refers to transmitting at reduced power while attempting to maximize one's effective range.'s at very low power. Each 43-character (75 bit) transmission takes roughly 5 minutes to transmit across 32 possible tones in a tight 25 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). bandwidth. 136.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 14.096 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 25 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Lentus.png
Link-11 Link-11 (Also known as ALLIGATOR, STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5511, TADIL-A, MIL-STD-6011, and MIL-STD-188-203-1A) is a Tactical Data Link standard (formerly known as Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) used by NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization and the US Military for Maritime Tactical Data Exchange. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Link-11Waterfall.png
Link-11 (UHF) This is the UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) band variant of Link-11, which is transmitted on a FMFrequency Modulation carrier. The FMFrequency Modulation-demodulated baseband is identical to the HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Link-11 waveform. 225 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 399.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Link-11 UHF.jpg
LoRa LoRa (Long Range) is a proprietary low-power wide-area network modulation technique. 433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 915 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation CSS 250 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide LORA 2.JPG
Lockheed Martin LMS-6 (Radiosonde) Radiosonde developed by Lockheed Martin for upper air weather observation 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,682 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Lms6.png
Logic Trunked Radio (LTR) Logic Trunked Radio, is an analog trunked radio format developed by EF Johnson Company. 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz LTR2.png
Logitech(R) Wireless Mouse+Keyboard Signal This signal comes from Logitech(R) Brand wireless mouse and keyboard combo unit. 2,400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW PPMPulse Position Modulation, GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 500 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide LOGITECH MOUSE-KBD COMBO ISM-BAND.jpg
Low Rate Picture Transmission (LRPT) The Low Rate Picture Transmission (LRPT) is a digital transmission system, commonly transmitted by METEOR-M satellites, used to deliver weather images and data. 137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 138 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 120 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide LRPTWaterfall.jpg
M17 RF Protocol An open source digital mode developed for amateur and other radio applications. 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10,500 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide M17 wf.png
M20 Radiosonde Telemetry signal transmitted by M20 radiosondes 400.15 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide M20 WF.png
MD-522 MD-522 (Also known as MIL-M-55529A) is a synchronous FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode built into GRC-MD522 teletypewriter sets and used for wirelessly transmitting ASCII information. MD-522 has a narrowband, wideband, and diversity mode. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). United States MD-674.png
MD-674 MD-674, also known as Wireline FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, is a very old United States Military FSKFrequency-Shift Keying Modem from the 1960's. Uses 85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). FSKFrequency-Shift Keying shift. Speeds of 50 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 75 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 100 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., and 150 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. have been logged. No longer seen today. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). United States MD-674.png
MDC-4800 Motorola's MDC-4800 is a data protocol that was used in ARDIS and DataTAC Networks as well as in MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office. networks. RD-LAP was derived from this mode. Also known as Motorola Mobile Data Communications System (MODACOM) 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 850 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide NoWaterfallFiller.png
MDC1200 MDC (Motorola Data Communications), also known as Stat-Alert, MDC-1200 and MDC-600, is a Motorola two-way radio low-speed data system. 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MDC1200 3.png
METEOR-M High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) A variant of the NOAA HRPT signal, which has a different data structure and better low-signal handling characteristics. 1,700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW PSKPhase-Shift Keying MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide METEOR HRPT WF.png
METOP Advanced High Resolution Picture Transmission (AHRPT) A high-speed digital link used by METOP weather satellites for direct data dissemination. 1,701.3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,707 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide METOP-AHRPT-WF.png
MIL-STD-110-342 MIL-STD-110-342 was a US Dept. of Defense standard for a 16 channel VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy teletype transmission. This mode was officially cancelled as of December 5th, 1995. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MIL-STD-110-342.jpg
MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix A 16-Tone MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix A is a 16-tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing PSKPhase-Shift Keying signal used to transmit data. As of 110C revision, this mode is being phased out. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide App A 16-tone.jpg
MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix B 39-Tone MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix B is a 39-tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying mode used to send data and voice. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide 188-110 App B.jpg
MIL-STD-188-110 Serial MIL-STD-188-110 Serial is a US Department of Defense standard for HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Communications, Serial PSKPhase-Shift Keying mode. Can transmit both data and voice with a range of interleaving and speed modes for optimal propagation. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MIL STD 188-110ABC.jpg
MMP-4800 MMP-4800 was a MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office. (Mobile Data Terminal) protocol developed by Canadian company Mobile Data International (MDI) in 1982 for their Mobile Data Terminals. Used by public safety and commercial industries. Phased out. 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Mpp4800.png
MOBITEX MOBITEX is an OSI based open standard, national public access wireless packet-switched data network. 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying, FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying 15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MOBITEX 8000.jpg
MPT 1327 MPT1327 (Ministry of Posts and Telegraph 1327) is a signaling protocol standard for analog trunked radio 162.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying, FMFrequency Modulation 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MPT1327 waterfall.png
MRZ-3MK Weather Balloon (radiosonde) MRZ-3MK is a Russian weather radiosonde. 1,680 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation PFM MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Russia MRZ3 MK.PNG
MRZ-N1 Weather Balloon (radiosonde) MRZ-N1 is a russian weather radiosonde. 403 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia MHZ.PNG
MSK144 MSK144 is a Minimum Shift Keying FSKFrequency-Shift Keying signal used for amateur radio meteor-scatter contacts. It transmits 144 bit long packets at a baudrate of 2000 bpsBits per second (bps) using frequencies 1000 and 2000 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).. 50 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 440 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.) 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MSK144 2.png
MSM-1250 Modem MSM-1250 (Medium Speed Modem) is a 10 FSKFrequency-Shift Keying-2 OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing digital data protocol used by the stand-alone modem "SkyFax", used to transmit and receive faxes on HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz). MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MSM-1250.jpg
MT63 MT63 is a Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) digital data mode aimed for use in high noise environments. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, PSKPhase-Shift Keying 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MT63.jpg
Marconi Selenia 25-Tone Modem The Marconi Selenia 25-Tone Modem is a military modem developed sometime around 2003 by Marconi Selenia Communications (Now Finmeccanica). It supports ECCMElectronic Counter-CounterMeasures (ECCM) is a part of electronic warfare which includes a variety of practices which attempt to reduce or eliminate the effect of electronic countermeasures (ECM) such as jamming. ECCM is also known as electronic protective measures (EPM), chiefly in Europe. capability and transmits at a datarate of 2400bps. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Marconi25.jpg
Mazda SKE126-01 Key Fob SKE126-01 Key Fob used for multiple Mazda models between 2006-2014. Manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Company. 433.413 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz WFMWideband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide SKE126-012.png
Mazielka (X06) Mazielka (X06) is a diplomatic selcall system used by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Used to alert that a Serdolik transmission is going to occur soon, usually on a different frequency. 4.963 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23.458 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia X06.jpg
Meteomodem M10 Weather Balloon (Radiosonde) Weather balloon (radiosonde) telemetry data. 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide M10-sigidwiki1.jpg
Meteomodem PilotSonde Weather Balloon Weather balloon telemetry data. 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Pilotsonde.png
Microsonde Mark II Weather Balloon - LORAN-C signal (Radiosonde) Weather balloon telemetry data. The LORAN-C signal is mixed into the carrier. 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz WFMWideband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 130 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Microsondemk2.png
Milstar UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) FHSS Downlink of Milstar, a US joint military service satellite communications system that provides secure, jam resistant, worldwide communications. Nicknamed 'Waterdroplets' for it's characteristic waveform and sound. 243.785 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 243.822 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW FHSS 50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Milstar FHSS.jpg
Modernised High Frequency Communications System (MHFCS) The Modernised High Frequency Communications System (MHFCS) is an Australian Department of Defense HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) System for their military communications network. Also known as AUS MIL ISBIndependent Side Band Modulation Modem, AUS MHFCS, and ADF HFCS. 2.01 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 27.478 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 750 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Australia ISB AUS MIL.jpg
Motorola ASTRO 25 HPD Air Interface Motorola's ASTRO 25 High Performance Data Air Interface allows Motorola ASTRO 25 HPD modems to transfer data at up to 96 kbpsKilobits per second (kbps) over a 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz channel in the 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz or 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz bands. 769 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 869 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation 17.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States Motorola-ASTRO25-HPD-HAI.png
Motorola Type II Radio trunking control channel. 136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 16 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Moto.jpg
Multi Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying is a family of multi-frequency shift keying digital transmission modes. MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-8 and MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-16 are two well-known amateur radio modes. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 154 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 630 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide MFSK 8 thmb.jpg
Multitone Paging Multitone Paging signal, developed by Multitone Electronics in the UK. Uses similar coding to POCSAG but the headers are different and only work with Multitone's range of paging products 25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Multitone Pager.jpg
NB-IOT Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoTInternet of Things) is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) radio technology standard developed by 3GPP to enable a wide range of cellular devices and services. 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide NB-IOT.JPG
NML Naval Radio Transmitter Facility (NRTF) transmits encrypted commands to submerged US submarines. 25.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz CWContinuous Wave FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). United States NMLopt.png
NOAA Direct Sounder Broadcast (DSB) The Direct Sounder Broadcast (DSBDual Side Band Modulation) is an auxiliary telemetry downlink from NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES), transmitted alongside Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) broadcasts. 137.35 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 137.77 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 33.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide DSB.jpg
NOAA POES High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) A digital link to transmit images and other data collected from the satellite at a high resolution. 1,698 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,247.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW PSKPhase-Shift Keying MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide NOAA-HRPT-WF.png
NOV TACAMO (take charge and move out) is the back up communications system to the US nuclear submarine fleet in case an attack on land based transmitters disables them. A rotating fleet of Navy E6 jets equipped with 200 KW transmitters and two 2½-mile-long trailing wire antennas (TWA) at 35,000 ft altitude to provide 24/7 coverage. Short pings are transmitted every few seconds. 26.9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz CWContinuous Wave Worldwide TACAMO (2).jpg
NPM Naval Radio Transmitting Facility (NRTF) sends encrypted commands to submerged US naval submarines in the Pacific. 21.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz CWContinuous Wave FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). United States Lualualei HI (2).jpg
NWC Naval Communication Station (NCS) Harold E. Holt. Used jointly by the Australian and United States navies to transmit encrypted orders to submerged submarines in the Pacific. 19.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz CWContinuous Wave FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Australia HE Holt Australia (2).jpg
Near Field Communication (NFC) 13.56 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying 1.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide NFC.png
Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM) NICAM is used to provide digital stereo audio alongside PAL video for television broadcasts. 174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW PSKPhase-Shift Keying 400 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide NoWaterfallFiller.png
Next Generation Digital Narrowband (NXDN) NXDN is a digital narrowband trunked radio protocol used in commercial, business & industry, transport and Public Safety professional radio systems. 136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 520 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation 6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide NXDN.jpg
Nissan Car Key Wireless entry rolling code car key. 301.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation 40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide NissanCarFob Waterfallthmb.png
Nokia Adaptive Message Terminal The Nokia Adaptive Message Terminal, also known as Nokia Adaptive Burst Modem and Kryapp 302, is a Finnish encrypted messaging system suggested to be used by Finnish Intelligence Services and Swedish Military. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide 300 Bd semiidle stanag 4202.jpg
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT, NMT-450, and NMT-900) is a first generation analog cell phone system. Originally designed for and by Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark) it was widely deployed around the world. Nowadays (as of 2015) NMT is defunct. 453 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide NMT.jpg
North Korean Diplo FSK North Korean Diplomatic FSKFrequency-Shift Keying link, teletype radio diplomatic usage. Also known as DPRK-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, KRE-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, DPRK-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, and KEGURI. Has a FECForward Error Correction stream mode and a burst ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query mode. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 29 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz North Korea DPRK ARQ.jpg
North Korean Diplo PSK North Korean Diplomatic PSKPhase-Shift Keying link. Also known as KRE-PSKPhase-Shift Keying. Four speed modes have been seen, 150 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 300 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 600 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., and 1200 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. All use BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) modulation. The main identifying feature of this signal are the preambles and end of transmission patterns. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 29 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz North Korea DPRK 1200bd.jpg
Olivia OLIVIA is an amateur digital teletype mode designed by Pawel Jalocha SP9VRC in 2005. Its goal was to be effective even in poor propagation conditions. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 125 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Olivia 8-250y.png
OpenSky 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation TDMATime Division Multiple Access 20.07 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide OpenSky2opt.png
Orbcomm Orbcomm satellites are used for monitoring and sending short text messages. 137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation SDPSK 15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ORBCOMM.jpg
PACKET PACKET, also known as FSK300, AX25, and X25, is a packet based protocol derived from AX.25 and HDLC computer network protocols. Packet radio is a synchronous system in which data is transmitted in ASCII character packets. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 730 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide PACKET 300.jpg
PACTOR I PACTOR-I is a digital data protocol combining elements of PACKET and AMTOR ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide PACTOR Addimg.jpg
PACTOR II PACTOR II is an advancement of PACTOR I. It is up to 8 times faster than PACTOR I. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 450 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide PACTOR IIstd.jpg
PACTOR III PACTOR III introduces 6 speed levels that provide higher throughput and improved robustness compared to PACTOR I and II. PACTOR III is on average 3.5 times faster than PACTOR II. With optimal conditions, PACTOR III becomes over 5 times faster. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide PACTORIIIthumb.jpg
PACTOR IV PACTOR IV is the newest iteration of the PACTOR series, advancing from PACTOR I-III. It is 1.5x-3x faster than PACTOR III, and has 10 speed levels. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide PACTOR IV.jpg
PAX PAX and PAX2 are developed by Patrick Lindecker F6CTE in 2005, and was derived from Olivia. It utilizes the AX.25 protocol that PACKET uses, and had a minimum SNR of -10dB. Can transmit APRSAutomatic Packet Reporting System, an amateur radio-based system for real time tactical digital communications of information of immediate value in the local area frames. 3.59 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.62 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide PAX.jpg
POCSAG POCSAG (Post Office Code Standardisation Advisory Group), also known as Super-POCSAG, Radio Paging Code No. 1 or RPC1, is a one-way 2FSK paging protocol that supports 512, 1200, and 2400 bpsBits per second (bps). 25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 932 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide POCSAG Waterfallthmb.png
POL-ARQ POL-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query was a duplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system used by Polish and Italian diplomatic services. This system uses the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 476-4 alphabet with polatiry retained. No longer in use. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Europe POL-ARQ.png
PROBA 1/2 Downlink Dump of satellite data to Redu, Belgium groundstation from the PROBA 1, 2, and V ESA satellites. 2,235 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Europe (when satellite has line of sight to Redu, Belgium) Schermata del 2022-12-26 12-20-13.png
PSK Paging link Also known as PSKPhase-Shift Keying paging, is a one of a kind signal that allows side-by-side PSKPhase-Shift Keying to exist under extreme conditions in AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying paging links, allowing for more dynamically processed DSP available. 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States Purc signaling.png
PSK-AM PSKPhase-Shift Keying-AMAmplitude Modulation is an amateur digital mode developed by Patrick Lindecker F6CTE in 2002/2003, and incorporates FECForward Error Correction interleaving. PSKPhase-Shift Keying-AMAmplitude Modulation uses the modulation of PSK10/31 with the FECForward Error Correction of SITOR-B. 10.148 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.62 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 40 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 180 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide PSKAM-31.png
PSK2K PSK2K is a meteor scatter type of mode written by DJ5HG Using a modulation scheme of BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) at 2000 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. 50.36 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.36 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide PSK2K.jpg
Panther-H Modem Panther-H is an intelligent frequency hopping transceiver developed by Racal (now Thales Group). Has a signature 8-burst SOC (Start Of Conversation) sync procedure. Used in Panther-2000H radios 1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Panther-H SOC.png
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) PSKPhase-Shift Keying is a digital teletype mode based on Phase-Shift Keying (PSKPhase-Shift Keying) modulation. The most popular amateur radio PSKPhase-Shift Keying mode is PSKPhase-Shift Keying 31. 1.838 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 909 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 10 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide BPSKthumb.png
Piccolo Piccolo was a MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying system developed by the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) to communicate with foreign embassies and UK military stations around the world. No longer used. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 180 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Piccolo Mk12.png
Polish Intelligence 100bd 625Hz FSK One-way broadcast system, used by one of Polish intelligence agencies for delivery of messages to their operatives abroad on fixed schedules. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 3.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Poland F11.png
Portable Traffic Lights Signals sent from portable traffic lights that are often used at roadworks.

https://teknokoodiradio.vuodatus.net/lue/2018/01/mobile-traffic-lights-radiomodem-at-430-3-mhz

https://teknokoodiradio.vuodatus.net/lue/2018/01/mobile-traffic-lights-radiomodem-at-430-3-mhz-2
154.463 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation Worldwide PortTrafLight Waterfall.png
Positive Train Control (PTC) Positive train control (PTC) is a system of functional requirements for monitoring and controlling train movements as an attempt to provide increased safety. 220 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW 20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States PTC.jpg
ProVoice ProVoice is a digital voice mode used in EDACS trunked systems. 160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying Worldwide Provoiceimg.png
Project 25 (P25) Project 25 (P25 or APCO-25) is a trunked radio standard developed by The Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International (APCO-25) for use with public safety organizations around the world. 136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 859 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying, C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation, TDMATime Division Multiple Access 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide P25.jpg
Q-MAC HF Modem The Q-MAC HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Modem is a military modem developed by Q-MAC (acquired by Barrett Communications). It uses OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing with a BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) sync channel in a gap of the signal. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide QMAC.jpg
Q15X25 Q15X25, also known as NEWQPSK, is an experimental amateur radio packet modem developed by Pawel Jalocha SP9VRC. Q15X25 is a OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) implementation of the AX.25 Packet protocol used in PACKET. 3.585 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.109 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 1.95 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.35 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Q15X25 2400.jpg
QO-100-modem High speed modem for qo-100 amateur satellite narrow transponder. 10,489.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10,490 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), APSK 2.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz QO-100 footprint Qo-100 modem 1.JPG
Quadcopter Telemetry Signal This signal originates from the Silicon Instruments Si1000 Software Defined Radio (SDR) that is a component of the 3DR Telemetry Radio, sold for use as a data link between a computer ground station and a UAV "a drone". 414 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 935 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FHSS-TDM BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, 8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) Worldwide No Audio File Quadcopter.png
RAC-ARQ RAC-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as MEROD and RACAL-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, is a teleprinter system by Racal, used in MEROD devices. MEROD stands for Message Entry and Read Out Device. Hasn't been seen since 2010. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide RAC-ARQ.jpg
ROS ROS is an amateur radio teletype free running QSO mode designed for low signal/high noise conditions. 1.8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) DSSS kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ROS 8Bd.jpg
RTTYM RTTYM, developed by Nick Fedoseev (UT2UZ) in 2005, is a digital mode derived from Olivia. It aims to deliver a compromise of speed and performance. RTTYM is about 4x faster than Olivia, but trades the speed for reduced robustness and sensitivity. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide RTTYM.png
RUM-FEC RUM-FECForward Error Correction, also known as ROU-FECForward Error Correction and SAU-FECForward Error Correction, is a FSKFrequency-Shift Keying FECForward Error Correction system used by Romanian diplomatic services. This is no longer used today, replaced by MIL-STD 188-110 Serial. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 750 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Romania RUM-FEC.jpg
RUM-MOI FEC RUM-MOI FECForward Error Correction, also known as RUM-MIL 115.76 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., is a FSKFrequency-Shift Keying FECForward Error Correction mode used by the Romanian Ministry of Internal Affairs, supposedly under military use. This is no longer used today, replaced by MIL-STD 188-110 Serial. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Romania ROU-MOI tfc.jpg
Radio Data Link Access Procedure (RD-LAP) Motorola's Radio Data Link Access Procedure (RD-LAP) is a 1G protocol that was used in ARDIS and DataTAC Networks, and is still used in some MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office.'s, as well as gas companies, police departments, fire departments, financial companies, etc. 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 850 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide RD-LAP image.jpg
Radio Data System (RDS) Radio Data System (RDS) and its North American variant, Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS), are data modes transmitted on subcarriers of commercial FMFrequency Modulation radio station transmissions. 65 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 108 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz DSBDual Side Band Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide RBDS.png
Radio Telephone Network C (C-Netz) The Radio Telephone Network C (German: Funktelefonnetz-C, abbreviated as C-Netz), was a first generation analog cellular phone system deployed and operated in Germany (at first West Germany) by DeTeMobil (formerly of Deutsche Bundespost Telekom, currently Deutsche Telekom). 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Germany Cnetz2.png
Radio Teletype (RTTY) RTTYRadio TeleTYpe (Also known as Baudot or ITA2) uses the Baudot 5-bit alphabet with FSKFrequency-Shift Keying to send text messages over the shortwave. This mode is gradually dying out in favor of more robust modes like PSK31 in the amateur service. 147.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 28.15 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 850 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide RTTY thumbnail.jpg
ReFLEX ReFLEX is a two-way paging variant of FLEX. 896 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying 40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States ReFLEX.jpg
Redundant Digital File Transfer (RDFT) RDFT is an amateur radio digital mode used to transmit files. 9.065 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 9.24 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 1.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Digtrx intro.jpg
Robust PACKET Robust PACKET, also known as HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz)-APRSAutomatic Packet Reporting System, an amateur radio-based system for real time tactical digital communications of information of immediate value in the local area, RPR, Winlink RMS, and APRSlink, is an OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing version of the amateur mode PACKET which is optimized for shortwave use. This mode was developed by Spezielle Communications Systeme GmbH & Co. KG (SCS). 3.61 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.103 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Robust PACKET.jpg
Russian Diplo VFT PSK 64Bd Russian Diplomatic 3 channel VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy PSKPhase-Shift Keying running at 64 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. Enigma M42 designation 4.022 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23.131 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia CIS unk.jpg
Russian Intelligence 200bd 1000Hz FSK One-way error-correcting broadcast system, used by one of Russian intelligence agencies for delivery of messages to their operatives abroad on fixed schedules. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia Russian Intelligence 200bd 1000Hz FSK.jpg
Russian overhead power line telemetry system Russian telemetry system, transmitted over the overhead power lines. 50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia Pow tel 3.JPG
SI-ARQ SI-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-S and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-1000S, is a simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system designed by Siemens formerly used by Austrian and Indonesian diplomatic services. No longer used today. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Europe SI-ARQ.png
SI-FEC SI-FECForward Error Correction, also known as FECForward Error Correction-S, FECForward Error Correction 1000 Simplex, and FECForward Error Correction-1000S, was the FECForward Error Correction variant of SI-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, and was only used under extremely poor propagation conditions. SI-FECForward Error Correction was developed by Siemens and was used by Austrian and Indonesian diplomatic services. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 280 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Europe SI-FEC.png
SIGFOX SIGFOX is a IoTInternet of Things wireless network system utilizing ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards.'s specification for Low Throughput Networks (LTN) and Ultra Narrow-Band (UNB) modulation. 868 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 868.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide 3 SIGFOX.jpg
SITOR-A SITOR-A (Also known as AMTOR-A) is one of two modes of SITOR, which stands for Simplex Teletype Over Radio. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide SITOR-A.jpg
SP-14 (XP) SP-14 (XP) was a 14 tone MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying mode with origins from the Russian Intelligence and Foreign Ministry. Also known as NUM-13. Inactive since 2005, superseded by XPA. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 12 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia XP.png
SPREAD SPREAD, also known as AUTOSPEC Mk2, SPREAD-11, SPREAD-21, and SPREAD-51, was a FECForward Error Correction system used by Romanian diplomatic stations and the Brazilian Navy and shore stations. SPREAD is considered the successor to AUTOSPEC. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide SPREAD.jpg
STANAG 4197 STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4197 is a NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing signal used in ANDVT modems that transmit encrypted digital voice over HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz). MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide STANAG 4197.jpg
STANAG 4285 STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4285 is specified by the NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military Agency for Standardization in "Characteristics of 1200 / 2400 / 3600 Bits per Second Single Tone Modulators / Demodulators for HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Radio Links" 1.89 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 22.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide STANAG 4285.jpg
STANAG 4415 STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4415 is a NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization standard for robust, non-hopping digital data communication, used on severely degraded HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) channels with large Doppler and multipath spreads. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide STANAG 4415.jpg
STANAG 4481 STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4481, also known as CRATT, Link-4, and NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization-75, is specified by the NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military Agency for Standardization as a "Minimum technical equipment standards for naval HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) shore-to-ship broadcast system" 2.815 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 18.016 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, PSKPhase-Shift Keying 1.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide STANAG 4481.jpg
STANAG 4529 STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4529 a modification of STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4285 to deliver data and voice in 1240 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). of bandwidth at rates of up to 1800 bpsBits per second (bps). MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 1.24 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide 4529 long.jpg
STANAG 4539 STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4539 or MIL-STD-188-110B/C Appendix C is a HDR (110B) / MDR (110C) serial PSKPhase-Shift Keying/QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation signal that can reach speeds up to 9600 bpsBits per second (bps) (12800 bpsBits per second (bps) with no interleaving). MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide QAM 8000 M.jpg
STANAG 5065 STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5065 is defined as "Minimum Standards for Naval Low Frequency (LFLow Frequency (30-300 kHz)) Shore-To-Ship Surface Broadcast Systems", with two primary protocols, FSK75 and MSK300. 50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 160 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.) 235 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 360 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide STANAG 5065 FSK.jpg
SWED-ARQ SWED-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-SWE, was a Swedish simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system used by Swedish diplomatic services. This protocol supported three packet lengths and was able to change packet length mid-transmission. No longer used today. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Sweden SWED-ARQ.jpg
Saab Grintek MHF-50 MFSK Modem The MHF-50 MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying Modem by Saab Grintek Technologies in South Africa is a data modem that utilizes RTTYRadio TeleTYpe, 2-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, and 33-MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying to transmit data 4.245 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 12.982 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz South Africa MHF-50.jpg
Schneider Trio E-Series Modem Schneider Trio E-Series Modems are industrial modems used for SCADA, telemetry, and other ASCII-based messaging applications. 370 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 518 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Trio.PNG
Sensus Water meter (Acquisition units) These are samples from the Sensus Water meters. They are a FHSS ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying encoded data transmission for purposes of providing municipalities water meter telemetry (for billing how much water you use). 902 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 927 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying, FHSS 175 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide SWD.png
Serdolik Serdolik is a MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying signal used by the Russian diplomatic service. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 1.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia Crowd 36thmb.jpg
Siemens CHX-200 FSK Modem CHX200, also known as Siemens CHP200 and PRC-921/GY, is a backpack HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) ECCOM transceiver, designed and built by Siemens. 1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide CHX200.jpg
Single frequency russian overhead power line telemetry system Russian telemetry system, transmitted over the overhead power lines. 50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz SSBSingle-sideband modulation AMAmplitude Modulation 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia Lep2smalll.png
SiriusXM Satellite Radio SiriusXM Satellite Radio: Terrestrial Repeater Signal 2,332.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,345 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, PSKPhase-Shift Keying 12.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz United States XM Sattelite Radio.PNG
SkyOFDM Data transmission mode developed by SkySweep Technologies in Finland. Probably used by Finnish MFA MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Finland SkyOFDM.png
Snap Circuits SCROV-10 Remote Control A remote control transmission from the controller from an Elenco Snap Circuits SCROV-10 kit. 27.145 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz SCROV-10.png
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a control system architecture that is used in industrial applications for computerized automated systems. Wireless telemetry is used on RTU's to send data to control units for operators to utilize. 413 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 950 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 12 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz SCADA2.png
T-230-1A 'Mahovik' Mahovik, "Flywheel" in Russian, is a PSKPhase-Shift Keying based mode that can transmit both voice and data. It is transmitted from a Russian T-230-1A radio transceiver. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia Flywheel.jpg
THOR THOR is an adaptation of DominoEX with MFSK16 binary varicode and FECForward Error Correction. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) IFKIncremental Frequency Keying 173 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 524 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide THORthmb.png
THROB THROB is a unique data mode that relies heavily on DSP techniques, using MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying and AMAmplitude Modulation modulation techniques together. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 72 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 188 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide THROB1prev.png
TT2300 TT2300, also known as TT2300B, TT2300-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, TRA-2300, and TPLEX, is an 8MFSK synchronous system developed by Thrane & Thrane of Denmark (acquired by UK defense firm Cobham in 2012). 5.029 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 7.72 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide TT2300 100 Bd.jpg
TWINPLEX TWINPLEX, also known as F7B4 and TWINPLEX-SITOR, was a diplex 4-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query mode developed by Mackay Radio and Telegraph Company, based in New York City, in the early 1950's. TWINPLEX was used by Interpol, the United Nations, and other diplomatic services. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 450 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 950 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide Danish TWINPLEX.jpg
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) TETRA is a professional mobile radio and two-way transceiver (walkie-talkie) specification 380 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 430 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide TETRA.jpg
Tetrapol Tetrapol is a digital professional mobile radio standard for digital voice and data communication used by public safety and military throughout Europe. Tetrapol was originally developed by Matra Communication (Currently part of EADS/Airbus Group) in France in the 1980's. 370 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe Tetrapolnew.jpg
Thales SALAMANDRE (HFXL) Thales SALAMANDRE (using HFXL waveform) uses up to 16 separate contiguous or not-contiguous narrowband HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) channels for high datarate military and tactical communications. Operates on a modified STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).-4539 platform. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying 150 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Screenshot 31.png
Thales Système 3000 Skyhopper Thales Système 3000 Skyhopper is the frequency hopping mode of the Système 3000 Modem. Characterized by it's very short bursts and frequency hopping behavior. 1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ALE psk mfsk thales skyhopper.jpg
Thales Système 3000 Voice Scrambler Voice Scrambling mode from Thales Système 3000 HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Modem. Has characteristic PSKPhase-Shift Keying and MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying bursts at the beginning and end of a voice transmission. 1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Scrambled thales.jpg
Total Access Communication System (TACS) A first generation analogue mobile cellular system which operated in the United Kingdom and a handful of other countries in Europe. It is also the EU's form of AMPS. 872 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation FMFrequency Modulation, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe NoWaterfallFiller.png
Toyota Car Key Wireless entry rolling code car key. 315 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AMAmplitude Modulation 40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide ToyotaCarFob Waterfall.png
Traffic Light Control R09 AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying Modulated signal with 2400Baud for traffic light control. Contains R09.16 telegrams as specified per VDV Standard 420. 170.81 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying Dresden, Germany R09 16 Dresden.png
Transit 5B-5 Transit 5B-5, a former TRANSIT navigation satellite, is the oldest satellite known to still transmit a signal. Considered "dead" because its navigational systems failed after 19 days of operation, it still emits a telemetry signal when illuminated. 136.658 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz WFMWideband Frequency Modulation PCM, PAMPulse Amplitude Modulation, FMFrequency Modulation, PM 32 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Transit 5B-5Waterfall.png
UHF Vehicle Location System LTR Passport is a type of control channel (unlike the standalone LTR that doesnt have one) which consists of multiple radio repeater sites linked together to form a wide-area radio dispatch network. 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation PSKPhase-Shift Keying 5.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz United States Unk data link .jpg
UK AM Data System (UK-AMDS) UK AMAmplitude Modulation Data System (UK-AMDS) was developed by BBC Research and Development in 1984 as a way to transmit low bitrate data on BBC Radio 4's LFLow Frequency (30-300 kHz) AMAmplitude Modulation carrier. Elements of this system were adopted into ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards.'s AMSS. 198 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz SSBSingle-sideband modulation AMAmplitude Modulation, PSKPhase-Shift Keying 85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). United Kingdom BBC teleswitch 2.png
UK GOV MIL WINDRM51 UK GOV/MIL "WinDRM51" variant. Unknown purpose, But link between UK & Cyprus has been found some years ago. 9.104 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 13.451 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe UK WINDRM51.jpg
VARA HF VARA HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) is a sound-card mode used to exchange traffic (Mostly Winlink traffic) on the HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) bands 1.8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 54 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), 4-8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol), 16-32QAM, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide VARA HF.PNG
VEZHA-S Two-way 100 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second./500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russian Telegraph system, attributed name VEZHA-C (Tower-S), usage claimed to be by Russian Ministry of Communications (MinComSvyaz Rossii). Possible usage in meteorology under callsign RWD59. 2.755 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 12.165 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 650 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Russia RUS FSK COMMS.jpg
VHF Data Link - Mode 2 (VDL-M2) VDL-M2 (Known as VDL2 or VDLM2) is a means of sending information between aircraft and ground stations. VDL Mode 2 is the only VDL mode being implemented operationally to support Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC). An extension to the AVLC protocol permits ACARS over AVLC (AOA) transmissions. VDL-M2 is implemented by Eurocontrol. 117.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW PSKPhase-Shift Keying 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide VDL2 Waterfallthmb.jpg
VISEL VISEL, also known as YUG-MIL 120.9 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., FECForward Error Correction-12, and YUG-MIL FECForward Error Correction, is a synchronous teleprinter system used by the former Yugoslav military. No longer active today. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Europe VISEL.jpg
VOICE VOICE is a MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying mode developed by Patrick Lindecker F6CTE in 2006, and was derived from Olivia. It was designed for blind or partially sighted amateur radio operators. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying 200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide VOICE.png
Vaisala RS41-SG Weather Balloon (Radiosonde) Weather balloon (radiosonde) telemetry data. 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 4.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Rs41 radiosonde wf.png
Vaisala RS92-SGP Weather Balloon (Radiosonde) Weather balloon (radiosonde) telemetry data. 400.15 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 405.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide VaisalaRS92SGP.png
Vehicle Counting System Data transmitted from a vehicle counting system installed in car parks. The data is frequency hopping over 10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz. 915 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 925 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz RAW FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Australia Flinders Uni Vehicle Counting System Waterfall.PNG
Visonic MCT-201 MCT-201 is a Miniature Pendant PowerCode Wireless Transmitter by Visonic. It is designed for emergency and control applications in wireless security systems, and home automation and remote control systems. 315 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 868 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PWMPulse Width Modulation kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide MCT-201.jpg
WSPR Weak Signal Propagation Reporter. 136 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1,296.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Worldwide WSPR.png
WiMAX WiMAX is a family of of wireless broadband communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards, which provide physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) options. OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, OFDMA 1.25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Worldwide NoWaterfallFiller.png
WinDRM WinDRM is an amateur radio derivation of the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) digital voice and data transmission protocol. Also known as HamDRM, and Digital SSTV. 14.236 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide Waterfall-20221028003713.jpg
Wireless Temperature Sensor The freezer temperature is requested by a master at regular intervals, and the slave attached to a freezer responds. The communication format appears to be a variant of chirp spread spectrum, (although the spectrum it consumes is quite narrow at ~150 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz). 434 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz Chirp Spread Spectrum 150 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Australia WTS.png
Yachta T-219 Voice Scrambler Yachta or Yakhta (Russian for 'Boat') T-219 is an analogue voice scrambler. It is unique in that an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying sync signal is transmitted in the middle of the main signal, with the scrambled voice stream split above and below the FSKFrequency-Shift Keying signal. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Russia Yachta.jpg
Yaesu System Fusion System Fusion is Yaesu's digital voice/data protocol for amateur radio, using the AMBE+2 vocoder on a C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation signal. 144 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz FMFrequency Modulation 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying 16 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Worldwide YSFopt.png
Yugoslavian 16-Tone Modem The Yugoslavian 16-Tone Modem, also known as YUG-Diplo 16-Tone, is a 16 tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing PSKPhase-Shift Keying modem used in former Yugoslavia for diplomatic use. No longer used today. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe YUG 16 tone.jpg
Yugoslavian 20-Tone Modem The Yugoslavian 20-Tone Modem, also known as YUG-MIL 20-Tone and YUG Diplo 20-Tone, is a 20 tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing PSKPhase-Shift Keying modem used in former Yugoslavia for military and diplomatic use. No longer used today. MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 2.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Europe Yug Mil.jpg

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