Link-11

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Link-11 | Link-11 (UHF)

Link-11
Link-11Waterfall.png
Frequencies 2 MHz,29.9999 MHz
Frequency Range 2 MHz - 29.9999 MHz
Mode USB
Modulation PSK
ACF
Emission Designator
Bandwidth 2.5 kHz,3 kHz,5 kHz,6 kHz
Location Worldwide
Short Description Link-11 (Also known as ALLIGATOR, STANAG 5511, TADIL-A, MIL-STD-6011, and MIL-STD-188-203-1A) is a Tactical Data Link standard (formerly known as Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) used by NATO and the US Military for Maritime Tactical Data Exchange.
I/Q Raw Recording Download file
Audio Sample

Link-11 (Also known as ALLIGATOR, STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5511, TADIL-A, MIL-STD-6011, and MIL-STD-188-203-1A) is a Tactical Data Link standard (formerly known as Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) used by NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization and the US Military for Maritime Tactical Data Exchange.

Link 11 is used to exchange digital information among airborne, land-based, and ship-board tactical data systems. It is the primary means to exchange data such as radar tracking information beyond line of sight. In addition, it is used for radar coordination and weapons fire control.

This page refers to the main Link-11 waveform used in MFMedium Frequency (300-3000 kHz) and HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) bands. There is also a UHF version of LINK-11 used in the UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) band for line-of-sight operations.


Link-11 is due to be replaced by Link 22


Mode Samples[edit]

Link-11 can transmit with Single Sideband modulation or Dual Sideband modulation, depending on propagation conditions. Dual Sideband gives the receiving station more redundancy in receiving the signal. The receiving station can decide based on signal quality which sideband to receive

Single
Sideband
Dual
Sideband
SSBLink11.png
TDLthmb.png


There are two main waveform modes: The Conventional Link Eleven Waveform (CLEW) and The Single Tone Link Eleven Waveform (SLEW).

Data Modes
CLEW SLEW
LINK CLEW.jpg
Link11 PSK.jpg
DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying Modulation 8-PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) Modulation (MIL-188-110 Serial)
16 Tone @ 75Bd each channel Single Tone (Serial), 2400 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.
2500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Bandwidth 3000 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Bandwidth

Link-11 CLEW comes in 2 speed modes: 1364 bit/sBits per second (bps) and 2250 bit/sBits per second (bps).

1364:


2250:


Frequencies[edit]

Link-11 (HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz)) is capable of tuning to any integral multiple of 100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). between 2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz and 29.9999 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz.

Frequencies spotted at:

  • 3610
  • 4068 (SLEW)
  • 4469.30
  • 4770
  • 5056
  • 5124.5
  • 5717
  • 5736
  • 5775
  • 6243.5
  • 6247
  • 6255.5
  • 6701.5
  • 6904
  • 6972
  • 7756
  • 7777
  • 7990
  • 8328
  • 9198.5
  • 9202
  • 9906
  • 10448
  • 10895
  • 11168.6
  • 12285
  • 12394
  • 12414

Video Examples[edit]

Decoding Software[edit]

It should be noted that these packages cannot decrypt Link-11 data

Professional Equipment/Software

Additional Links[edit]

Additional Images[edit]