This is an electromagnetic emission from a budget wireless bicycle computer speed sensor. It is not a traditional radio signal, but rather a magnetic induction pulse generated by an internal coil when the Hall effect sensor (or reed switch) is triggered by a wheel magnet.
The signal is strictly short-range (near-field) and cannot be detected at distances greater than 10 cm. It consists of simple analog bursts rather than digital data packets. Commonly found on inexpensive unbranded or entry-level bike computers worldwide.